The Risks of Hazard

Our planet is not a solid piece of rock, but rather a boiling slush of magma, with slight movements across the surface hinting at the dynamic inner depths of the planet. Sometimes, the evidence of that inner activity is unleashed as a massive release of energy that rends and shakes the surface of the Earth — a.k.a, an earthquake.

Unlike most natural processes, geology happens over immensely long time frames. Earthquakes (and their Volcanic cousins) occur at intervals that are sometimes longer than the entirety of human history. Interestingly, earthquake records actually comprise some of the earliest historical records we possess. 

In publications and websites devoted to risk, there is a distinct sub-genre of articles that can be called “Predicting Mega-Disasters.” A mega-disaster is a natural catastrophe that wreaks unprecedented destruction — either by an event of never-before-seen force, or a severe event that impacts an increasingly vulnerable population. Here are just three recent examples of these mega-disaster prediction articles:

As you may recall, a few weeks ago I mentioned I was planning a trip to Asia to try and find out how insurers, brokers, and reinsurers are handling their risk assessment, particularly for flood risk.

As I sit on the flight from Hong Kong to San Francisco, I have the memories from my 10-day Asia Risk Tour still fresh in my mind. Foremost are the warm welcomes we received everywhere we went, with immaculate hospitality from all our hosts. The food is also still vivid in my mind, from the Under Bridge Spicy Crab in Hong Kong to the famous street food stalls of Singapore, filled with sate and spicy seafood. Coffees and cocktails were enjoyed both under the ground and hundreds of feet in the sky.

I also learned a lot about how the insurance market in Asia manages location-specific risks, especially from natural catastrophes (nat cat), which of course is what I was there to do.

Next week I will be heading to Asia to try and find out how insurers, brokers, and reinsurers are handling their risk assessment, particularly for flood risk. Asia is an exciting market for property insurers, with economies growing quickly and property values becoming valuable enough to stimulate thriving markets for insurance — especially for natural catastrophe coverages. It is also a breeding ground for innovation right now, as everyone is working hard to ensure they have the necessary tools to understand risk from all natural catastrophes (and Asia gets them all!). This article by James Nash (of Guy Carpenter) summarizes the situation in Asia and their response to it very well.

The use of risk models and maps to predict the likelihood and intensity of flooding has an inherent, although not immediately apparent, flaw: dependability. Flood maps and models are relatively static, updated every few years (maybe), while weather and climate are extremely dynamic. So how can static models predict dynamic events dependably? A recent study suggests they really can’t.

One of the things that make natural catastrophes inherently unpredictable is the ever-changing nature of the natural world. This is a trivial observation, but it is fundamental to understanding how peril models work and what their limitations are. This post will discuss flood specifically, but the case is the same for all natural catastrophic phenomena.